Distribution of aquatic macrophyte related to paper milll effluents in a southern Michigan stream. 14 pp. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). The double row of seeds in each half of the siliqua is a well marked character. November 2017. One of the downsides of consumption of wild-growing watercress is that it often carries the common liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) if growing in places near where livestock graze. Weeds of Australia. Michigan Flora Online. http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1, George, R. A. T., 2009. Featherston, New Zealand: Editorial Services Limited, 230-264, Matsushima K, Nemoto K, Nakashima N, Dema D, Thapa L, Watanabe A, Maegawa F, Baba T, Matsushita G, 2006. Reference book 136 `Watercress’. Accessed 29 April 2013. April 2014. Honolulu, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. 2010. N. officinale is commonly grown as a crop for human consumption in salads or as a vegetable. The caterpillar stage of this moth can cause considerable feeding damage on the leaves and young growing shoots. Cooking watercress kills the parasite. Native Range: Northern Africa, Europe, temperate Asia, and India Invasive Range: In USA: all lower 48 states, except North Dakota. 1999. Human fasciolosis in Van Province, Turkey. For queries involving invertebrates, contact Amy Benson. Nature, 168:253-4, Howard HW, Lyon AG, 1952. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 99(3):367-378, Healy AJ, 1962. Hydrobiologia, 607:75-85. http://springerlink.metapress.com/content/1573-5117/, Guadagnin SG, Rath S, Reyes FGR, 2005. The peppery pungency of the stems and foliage is derived from glucosinolate compounds. Howard and Lyon (1952b) suggested that reproduction by seedlings is probably effective if seeds fall on bare ground, but that once the ground is covered by vegetation, vegetative reproduction becomes more important. N. officinale is perennial and, since it can reproduce asexually from vegetative stems, it can probably live for several years (Howard and Lyon, 1952b). Robert W. Freckman Herbarium. Environmental and Experimental Botany 69(2): 167—174. Washington, D.C, USA: United Fresh Fruit & Vegetable Association, Shaw HKA, 1947. Lifescript: Healthy Living for Women. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Howard and Lyon (1952b) suggested that N. officinale, since it is commonly cultivated, is more likely to be introduced than either N. microphyllum or the hybrid between the two species, N. x sterile. Biosecurity Queensland Edition. They are best distinguished by the surfaces of their seeds, and whether the siliques (seed pods) have one or two rows of seeds. comm., 2014). This plant and synonym italicized and indented above can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. http://www.eddmaps.org/ipane/, ITIS, 2014. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, USDA-NRCS, 2014. Four sepals, free, glabrous or with a few strigose hairs at apex, 3 mm long. Nasturtium Officinale R. Br. Fascioliasis (Fasciola Infection). 2006. Benson, A. J., C.C. Perennial, aquatic or semi-aquatic herb, prostrate with creeping or floating stems. National Plant Data Center, NRCS, USDA. Duman, F. and F. Ozturk. N. officinale has been introduced to east and southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas and the Caribbean, Australia, New Zealand and some Pacific islands (USDA-NRCS, 2013; Weeds of Australia, 2013; PIER, 2014; USDA-ARS, 2014; USDA-NRCS, 2014). inval. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. officinale and is discussed further in the Invasion Process section. Watercress may be a noxious weed or invasive. Nasturtium officinale Preferred Common Name; watercress Taxonomic Tree; Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Spermatophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Dicotyledonae; Summary of Invasiveness; N. officinale is an emergent aquatic plant growing in fresh water. Stems are succulent, hollow, and branched, rooting at nodes. Names and dates are hyperlinked to their relevant specimen records. Detection of parasitic structures in vegetables commercialised in the city of Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Available http://wisplants.uwsp.edu/scripts/detail.asp?SpCode=NASOFF. Nasturtium: Family: Brassicaceae (Mustard) Life cycle: perennial: Origin: Europe: Status: Invasive - ERADICATE! In South Africa, controlled cultivation is permitted, despite the plant being classed as a Category 2: declared invader (Henderson and Cilliers, 2002). Walsh, J. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85(2):504-510, Going B, Simpson J, Even T, 2008. Watercress is an aquatic or semi-aquatic perennial herb with bright white flowers that resemble the shape of a cross; hence, an old name ( Cruciferae) for the mustard family, to which watercress belongs.